How Will Foetal Distress Be Dealt with and Will I Feel It? Understanding Labour and Birth Challenges

Expectant parents often have a multitude of questions as their due date approaches. Among these, one concern that arises for many is foetal distress—a term used to describe abnormal signs in a baby’s wellbeing during labour, often detected by healthcare providers. It’s natural for parents to wonder how foetal distress is identified and managed during the birthing process, as well as whether or not they will feel its effects. Understanding these concerns can help ease anxiety and ensure a smooth, informed experience as the birth of your baby approaches. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore how foetal distress is managed, how it is detected during labour, and what it means for both mother and baby. We’ll also address the role of antenatal care and the ways in which preparing through antenatal appointments and antenatal scans can provide crucial insights into pregnancy health. By the end of this article, you’ll have a clearer understanding of what to expect and how best to support your baby during labour and birth.

What Is Foetal Distress?

Foetal distress refers to signs that the baby is not getting enough oxygen or is under some kind of physical strain during labour. It can occur for a variety of reasons and may be temporary or indicate a more serious issue. The signs of foetal distress are typically detected through antenatal scans, ultrasound, and cardiotocography (CTG), which monitors the baby’s heart rate and the mother’s contractions. Some common causes of foetal distress include:

• Umbilical cord issues: If the umbilical cord becomes compressed or prolapsed, the baby’s oxygen supply may be reduced.
• Placental problems: The placenta may not be functioning optimally, leading to restricted oxygen and nutrient supply to the baby.
• Infections: Certain infections in the mother may cause the baby to experience distress.
• Prolonged labour: Long or difficult labour may cause the baby to become stressed from the physical pressure. While foetal distress can be concerning, it is important to understand that medical interventions are available to manage the situation effectively.

How Is Foetal Distress Detected?

Foetal distress is primarily detected through continuous monitoring of the baby’s heart rate and the mother’s contractions. Antenatal care includes routine checkups that help detect potential risks early, so that any issues can be addressed before or during labour. Some of the main methods for detecting foetal distress are:

1. Cardiotocography (CTG)

CTG is the most common method used to monitor the baby’s heart rate and the contractions of the mother during labour. This monitoring helps healthcare providers assess whether the baby’s heart rate is within a healthy range. A non-reassuring heart rate, such as an abnormal drop or prolonged accelerations, could indicate that the baby is experiencing distress.

2. Fetal Scalp Blood Sampling

In some cases, when the baby’s heart rate is abnormal and there’s concern for foetal distress, a sample of the baby’s blood is taken from the scalp during labour. This test can help determine if the baby is getting enough oxygen.

3. Ultrasound Scans

In some instances, antenatal scans may be used to check the position of the baby, assess the placenta’s health, or determine whether there are any abnormalities with the umbilical cord. These scans can help doctors detect potential sources of foetal distress long before labour begins.

4. Observing Maternal Symptoms

During antenatal appointments, doctors often ask about any signs of labour or discomfort that the mother may be experiencing. For instance, if the mother feels that the baby is moving less or if there are significant changes in the pregnancy’s progression, this could be an indication that foetal distress is occurring.

How Is Foetal Distress Managed During Labour?

When foetal distress is detected, it is essential that the healthcare team acts quickly to prevent any harm to the baby. Depending on the severity of the distress, the management approach may vary. Here are some common interventions used to manage foetal distress:

1. Changing Maternal Position

One of the simplest interventions to reduce foetal distress is changing the mother’s position. For example, the mother may be asked to lie on her left side, which can improve blood flow to the placenta and help alleviate pressure on the umbilical cord.

2. Increasing Oxygen Supply

If the baby is not receiving enough oxygen, oxygen may be given to the mother through a mask or nasal cannula. This can help improve oxygen levels for both the mother and baby and may resolve mild cases of foetal distress.

3. IV Fluids

If dehydration or low blood pressure is contributing to the baby’s distress, the mother may be given fluids through an intravenous (IV) line to improve her circulation and restore oxygen to the baby.

4. Amnioinfusion

In cases where the umbilical cord is compressed, causing a reduction in the baby’s heart rate, amnioinfusion can be used. This involves inserting a catheter into the uterus to introduce a sterile fluid, which may cushion the cord and reduce compression.

5. Delivery by C-Section

If foetal distress persists or if the baby’s heart rate remains abnormal despite interventions, a caesarean section (C-section) may be recommended. This surgical procedure allows for a faster, safer delivery if there is concern for the baby’s wellbeing.

Will I Feel Foetal Distress?

As the mother, you may not always feel foetal distress directly, especially in the early stages. However, there are some symptoms that may indicate that your baby is experiencing distress, including:

• Reduced fetal movement: If you notice a significant decrease in the baby’s movements, it could be a sign of distress.
• Abnormal contractions: In some cases, contractions may become irregular or overly frequent, which could indicate foetal distress.
• Signs of maternal discomfort: Some women may feel increased pain or pressure during contractions, especially if the baby is in a compromised position. It is important to monitor your symptoms and communicate any concerns with your healthcare provider. Early detection of foetal distress is key to ensuring that both mother and baby remain safe during labour.

How Can I Prepare for Labour and Birth?

While you cannot control the occurrence of foetal distress, there are several ways in which you can prepare for labour and birth through antenatal care. These preparations can ensure that you are well-informed and ready to handle any challenges that may arise. Here are some tips for preparing for labour:

1. Attend Antenatal Classes

Taking antenatal classes near me or participating in antenatal education can be an excellent way to prepare for labour and delivery. These classes can teach you about different stages of labour, pain relief options, and the various interventions that may be necessary if foetal distress occurs.

2. Practice Prenatal Yoga

Prenatal yoga and antenatal fitness can help improve flexibility, strength, and relaxation, which may assist you in managing labour pain. These exercises also help you connect with your body, so you can better understand and manage any discomfort you may feel during labour.

3. Stay Calm and Informed

Staying calm during labour is essential. The more informed you are about the potential challenges that may arise, such as foetal distress, the better you will be able to manage the situation. Antenatal support from your partner, family, and healthcare team can also make a significant difference in your experience.

Ensuring the Best Outcome for You and Your Baby

Foetal distress is a rare but serious complication during labour, and healthcare providers are well-equipped to manage it effectively. From antenatal appointments to labour and delivery, every step in the process plays a crucial role in ensuring that both mother and baby remain safe. By staying informed and prepared, you can approach labour with confidence, knowing that medical professionals are there to support you through any challenges that may arise. Remember, while foetal distress is a concern for many expectant parents, the outcome is often positive when appropriate measures are taken.