How To Push Correctly During Labour

Labour is a deeply transformative experience for the expectant mother, and as she nears the pushing stage, it’s natural to feel a mixture of excitement, anticipation, and nervousness. One of the most important skills she will need to master during this time is how to push effectively. Pushing is the body’s instinctive response to contractions and the culmination of months of antenatal care. However, learning the right technique can make a significant difference in how the labour progresses and how comfortable the mother feels. Throughout antenatal appointments and antenatal education, expectant mothers are guided on what to expect during the different stages of childbirth. These sessions provide valuable insights into the mechanics of labour, and understanding the importance of effective pushing can help the mother feel empowered and in control. However, it’s important to remember that every birth experience is unique. A good birth partner is key in offering both emotional and physical support, especially when it comes to pushing. During the birth planning phase, it’s essential for the birth partner to learn the specific language, actions, and behaviours that will best support the mother, particularly during this crucial stage. Every woman is different, and certain phrases or actions can make a huge difference. In this article, we will break down how to push correctly during labour, as well as offer tips for birth partners to ensure they are the best possible support system.

1. Understanding the Stages of Labour and the Role of Pushing

The journey of childbirth is divided into several stages, with the second stage being when the mother will begin to push. However, before understanding how to push, it’s important to know when to push.

• First Stage: This is the longest part of labour, and it involves the cervix dilating. This stage can last several hours and may be the most challenging, but it’s vital to conserve energy for the final stage.
• Second Stage (Pushing Stage): Once the cervix is fully dilated (10 cm), the mother will begin to push, using her contractions to help guide the baby down the birth canal.
• Third Stage: This is the delivery of the placenta, and while pushing still occurs, it is much less intense than the second stage. Pushing correctly involves timing and technique, ensuring that the mother’s energy is well-used and that she’s in the right position for the baby to descend.

2. The Mechanics of Pushing: What Happens in Your Body

When a woman pushes during labour, several physiological changes occur to help the baby descend through the birth canal. This process involves:

• Contractions: These are the body’s way of pushing the baby down the birth canal. They help the cervix open and assist in the baby’s descent.
• Abdominal Muscles: Just as in yoga during pregnancy, strengthening the core muscles can help improve pushing technique. During contractions, the abdominal muscles contract and create the force needed to push the baby out.
• Breathing: It’s essential to breathe during contractions. Holding the breath or hyperventilating can cause unnecessary strain. Proper breathing techniques can help manage pain and provide the energy needed for effective pushing.
• Perineal Support: The perineum is the area between the vagina and the anus, and protecting it from tears is a priority for many women. Learning the correct way to push can reduce the chances of tearing. Tip: During antenatal yoga classes, it’s a good idea to focus on strengthening the pelvic floor and core muscles. These exercises can make the pushing stage easier and more effective.

3. How to Push: Step-by-Step Guide

Here are some tips for the pushing phase, including techniques for both the mother and her birth partner to keep in mind:

a) Focus on Breathing and Relaxation

• Controlled Breathing: Deep, slow breaths during contractions will help keep energy up and prepare the body for the next push.
• Stay Relaxed: Tension in the body can make pushing less effective. Encourage the mother to stay as relaxed as possible between contractions.

b) Use the Right Positions

• Squatting: If possible, squatting can help open up the pelvis and provide more space for the baby.
• Lying on your side: For many women, lying on their side can be a less tiring position, allowing them to rest in between pushes.
• Hands and Knees: This position can help reduce the pressure on the back and aid in repositioning the baby if needed. Tip for Birth Partners: Pay attention to the mother’s body language. If she requests a position change, help her move gently and carefully to keep her comfortable.

4. The Importance of Supportive Language and Encouragement

A good birth partner understands the importance of providing the right support during labour, especially during the pushing phase. Antenatal education teaches both the expectant mother and her birth partner to communicate effectively, not just in terms of pain relief options, but also in terms of language. The birth partner can enhance the experience by offering supportive words and creating a positive environment. However, it’s essential that the birth partner learns what language and behaviours the mum-to-be doesn’t like. For example, some mothers dislike being cheered on like a marathon runner, especially if they’re in extreme pain. Terms like “You’re doing great” or “You’re almost there” might be motivating for some but can feel patronising for others. Likewise, hospital staff using colloquialisms such as “love” or “darling” can feel dismissive or impersonal. A thoughtful birth partner will communicate with the staff ahead of time, ensuring that the language used is respectful and in line with the mother’s preferences. Tip for Birth Partners: Before labour begins, have an open conversation with your partner about what types of language or behaviours will make her feel more comfortable. Discuss things like the tone of voice, the use of any nicknames, and how much cheering or encouragement is needed.

5. When to Push and When Not to Push

Sometimes, in the heat of the moment, the urge to push can be overwhelming. However, it’s essential that the mother only pushes when the body naturally signals it’s time. Pushing too early or too forcefully can cause unnecessary strain, especially if the cervix isn’t fully dilated or the baby hasn’t fully descended. A skilled midwife or doctor will guide the mother through the right timing for each push. The birth partner can help by reminding her to focus on her breathing and listening to the guidance of the medical team.

6. Knowing When to Ask for Help: If Something Feels Wrong

Not every birth goes as expected, and sometimes, complications arise. If the mother is feeling exhausted, overwhelmed, or unsure about her ability to continue pushing, it’s important to speak up. The birth partner should also be an advocate for the mother’s wishes, making sure that any concerns are addressed by the medical team. If at any point the mother feels unsure, overwhelmed, or as though something isn’t quite right, it’s important to speak up and ensure that support is provided. Tip: Encourage the mother to trust her instincts. Whether it’s asking for a change in position or seeking more pain relief, it’s always better to ask than to push through discomfort without the right support.

7. A Birth Partner’s Role in Postpartum Care

After the baby is born, the birth partner’s role doesn’t end. Postpartum care is crucial for both the mother and the baby. Antenatal care often includes discussions on how to support the new mother after the baby is born, including assisting with breastfeeding, providing emotional support, and managing any physical recovery needs. Tip for Birth Partners: Attend antenatal classes together and learn about the physical and emotional recovery process after childbirth. Knowing how to provide care after the birth can help relieve stress during the early days at home.Mastering the Art of Pushing with Support The pushing stage of labour is one of the most intense and transformative experiences in childbirth. By understanding the mechanics of pushing and learning how to provide the best physical and emotional support, birth partners can play a vital role in helping the mother feel empowered and confident. Through proper antenatal education, including antenatal yoga, learning the techniques and preferences for pushing, and communicating openly about language and behaviours, the birthing experience can be a positive one. A strong, supportive birth partner who understands when to push, when to stay quiet, and how to adapt to the needs of the mother, will help ensure a smoother, more comfortable journey toward bringing new life into the world.