Why Forceps Are Used in Childbirth: An Overview of Assisted Delivery

Introduction

Childbirth is a complex process that, while often progressing naturally, can sometimes require medical intervention to ensure the safety of both mother and baby. One such intervention is the use of forceps during delivery. A forceps-assisted delivery is a common procedure that helps guide the baby out of the birth canal in specific circumstances.

This comprehensive article explores why forceps are used in childbirth, their role in antenatal care, and the recovery process for mothers and babies. We’ll also examine the importance of antenatal education, yoga during pregnancy, and relaxation techniques to prepare for labour.

What Are Forceps and When Are They Used?

Forceps are a medical instrument resembling large tongs or spoons, specifically designed to assist during the second stage of labour. They cradle the baby’s head and allow the obstetrician to guide it out of the birth canal during contractions. Forceps are typically used when:

Labour is prolonged or stalls.

The baby shows signs of distress.

The mother is too fatigued to push effectively.

Health concerns make extended pushing unsafe. (NHS, 2023)

Forceps delivery is considered a safe and effective alternative to emergency caesarean sections when used appropriately.

Why Are Forceps Used During Labour?

1. Prolonged Second Stage of Labour

In cases where labour is not progressing despite strong contractions, forceps can help complete the delivery. This ensures the baby is delivered safely and reduces the risk of complications. (Mayo Clinic, 2022)

2. Foetal Distress

When the baby’s heart rate indicates stress or a lack of oxygen, an expedited delivery is often necessary. Forceps allow the obstetrician to assist without resorting to surgery. (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2023)

3. Maternal Fatigue

Prolonged pushing can exhaust the mother, making it difficult for her to continue. Forceps provide much-needed assistance, helping to deliver the baby safely. (NICE Guidelines, 2023)

The Role of Antenatal Care in Preparing for Assisted Delivery

1. Antenatal Appointments and Education

Attending regular antenatal appointments helps expectant parents monitor their pregnancy health and identify potential complications that may require interventions like forceps delivery. Discussing assisted delivery during antenatal education classes helps parents understand their options. (NHS, 2023)

2. Prenatal Care and Antenatal Support

Good prenatal care is essential for reducing the likelihood of complications during labour. Staying active with antenatal yoga or antenatal fitness classes strengthens the pelvic muscles, which may reduce the need for interventions. (My Expert Midwife, 2023)

Benefits of Forceps Delivery

Forceps-assisted delivery has several advantages:

Avoiding Caesarean Section: Forceps delivery can help ensure a vaginal birth when complications arise, potentially avoiding major surgery. (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2023)

Quick Response in Emergencies: Forceps can expedite delivery when the baby or mother is at risk.

Preservation of Maternal Energy: Mothers who are too fatigued to push can benefit from this intervention, reducing physical strain. (Mayo Clinic, 2022)

Risks and Considerations

While forceps delivery is generally safe, it carries some risks:

1. For the Baby

Minor bruising or marks on the head, which usually heal within a few days.

Rare instances of nerve damage or skull fractures. (NICE Guidelines, 2023)

2. For the Mother

Vaginal or perineal tears.

Increased likelihood of pelvic organ prolapse.

Discomfort during recovery. (NHS, 2023)

Discuss these risks with your antenatal clinic during appointments to make informed decisions.

Preparing for Labour Through Antenatal Yoga and Massage

1. Antenatal Yoga

Yoga during pregnancy can help strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, improve flexibility, and promote relaxation during labour. Pregnancy yoga classes also teach breathing techniques that are useful during contractions. (My Expert Midwife, 2023)

2. Antenatal Massage

Antenatal massage helps reduce stress and tension, promoting relaxation during pregnancy. It can also alleviate lower back pain and improve circulation, preparing the body for labour. (NHS, 2023)

Recovery After Forceps Delivery

1. For Mothers

Pelvic Floor Exercises: Recommended to strengthen muscles and speed up recovery.

Pain Relief: Over-the-counter painkillers or medications prescribed by your healthcare provider can manage discomfort.

Postnatal Care: Regular checkups ensure proper healing and address any concerns. (NHS, 2023)

2. For Babies

Monitoring for signs of bruising or nerve sensitivity.

Regular paediatric checkups to ensure healthy development. (Mayo Clinic, 2022)

Alternatives to Forceps Delivery

In some cases, other methods may be used:

Vacuum-Assisted Delivery: A vacuum device gently guides the baby out.

Emergency Caesarean Section: Used when vaginal delivery isn’t possible or safe. (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2023)

Conclusion

Forceps delivery is a valuable medical intervention that ensures safe childbirth in challenging situations. By attending antenatal appointments, engaging in antenatal education, and preparing through antenatal yoga and relaxation techniques, expectant parents can approach labour with confidence. Discuss all concerns with your antenatal clinic to create a comprehensive birth plan that prioritises the safety and well-being of both mother and baby.