How to Handle Antenatal Bleeding: A Guide for Expecting Mums

Antenatal bleeding can be a concerning experience for many mums-to-be. While it is often harmless, it’s essential to understand the potential causes, when to seek medical advice, and how to care for yourself throughout your pregnancy. This guide offers practical advice, evidence-based information, and tips for handling antenatal bleeding, helping you navigate this aspect of pregnancy with confidence and reassurance.

What is Antenatal Bleeding?

Antenatal bleeding refers to any bleeding that occurs during pregnancy. It can range from light spotting to heavier bleeding and may happen at any stage. While it’s more common in the first trimester, bleeding in the later stages of pregnancy may require closer monitoring and medical attention.

Understanding Antenatal Bleeding by Trimester

The timing of antenatal bleeding can often provide clues about its cause and severity. Let’s explore the potential reasons for bleeding during each trimester.

First Trimester Bleeding

First-trimester bleeding is relatively common, with up to 20% of women experiencing some form of spotting or light bleeding. Causes include:

Implantation Bleeding: Occurs when the fertilised egg attaches to the uterine lining, typically 6–12 days after ovulation. This is usually light spotting that resolves quickly.

Cervical Sensitivity: Increased blood flow to the cervix can cause light bleeding, particularly after sexual intercourse or a pelvic exam.

Subchorionic Haematoma: A small blood collection between the uterine wall and the gestational sac, often detected during early antenatal scans. This usually resolves on its own.

Ectopic Pregnancy: A condition where the fertilised egg implants outside the uterus, often in the fallopian tube. Symptoms include sharp pain and heavy bleeding and require immediate medical attention.

Second Trimester Bleeding

Bleeding in the second trimester is less common and typically warrants further evaluation. Possible causes include:

Placenta Praevia: When the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix, it can cause painless bleeding.

Cervical Insufficiency: A weakened or dilating cervix may lead to spotting or light bleeding, accompanied by pelvic pressure.

Third Trimester Bleeding

Third-trimester bleeding should always be assessed promptly. Common causes include:

Placental Abruption: A serious condition where the placenta detaches prematurely from the uterine wall, causing heavy bleeding and abdominal pain.

Preterm Labour: Bleeding with contractions or pelvic pressure before 37 weeks may indicate early labour.

Labour Signs: Light bleeding, also known as a “show,” may occur as the mucus plug dislodges in preparation for labour.

When to Seek Medical Attention

It’s important to monitor the nature of antenatal bleeding and know when to consult a healthcare provider. Seek immediate medical attention if:

Bleeding is heavy or soaking through a pad in less than an hour.

You experience severe abdominal or pelvic pain.

There are signs of preterm labour, such as regular contractions or lower back pain.

You feel dizzy, faint, or have a rapid heartbeat.

Bleeding occurs after a fall or abdominal trauma.

For lighter spotting, keep your next antenatal appointment and discuss it with your healthcare provider.

Diagnostic Steps for Antenatal Bleeding

If you report antenatal bleeding, your healthcare provider may recommend the following diagnostic tools:

Ultrasound Scans: To assess foetal health, placental position, and other potential causes of bleeding.

Blood Tests: To evaluate hormone levels, rule out infections, and check for anaemia.

Pelvic Examination: To examine the cervix and identify potential sources of bleeding.

Foetal Monitoring: To ensure your baby’s heart rate and movements are normal.

Self-Care and Managing Antenatal Bleeding

While some causes of antenatal bleeding require medical intervention, there are steps you can take to support your health and well-being.

Rest and Activity Modifications

Avoid strenuous activities and heavy lifting.

Engage in light movements like walking or yoga during pregnancy, if approved by your healthcare provider.

Rest as much as needed to help your body recover.

Nutrition and Hydration

Eat a balanced diet rich in iron, folic acid, and vitamin C to support recovery and prevent anaemia. Foods like spinach, lentils, and citrus fruits are excellent choices.

Take prescribed antenatal vitamins to ensure adequate nutrient intake.

Emotional Support and Relaxation

Bleeding during pregnancy can be stressful, so prioritising mental health is essential. Consider relaxation techniques like prenatal yoga or pregnancy massage benefits to reduce anxiety and promote calmness. Ensure your massage therapist is certified in antenatal care.

Antenatal Education and Classes

Attending antenatal classes near me can help you feel more informed and supported. These classes often cover topics such as recognising symptoms, preparing for labour, and maintaining emotional well-being during pregnancy.

FAQs About Antenatal Bleeding

Q: Is spotting during pregnancy always a cause for concern?

A: No, spotting is common, especially in the first trimester. However, it’s essential to inform your healthcare provider for reassurance and proper evaluation.

Q: Can I continue exercising if I experience antenatal bleeding?

A: Light activities like walking or antenatal yoga may be safe but always follow your doctor’s recommendations. Avoid high-impact exercises until the bleeding resolves.

Q: What should I do if bleeding happens after sex?

A: Light spotting after sex is often due to cervical sensitivity and is generally harmless. Mention it during your next antenatal checkup for further guidance.

Q: Are complementary therapies like massage safe during antenatal bleeding?

A: Complementary therapies like prenatal massage can be helpful for relaxation, but always consult your healthcare provider before proceeding.

Key Takeaways

Antenatal bleeding can be a normal part of pregnancy, particularly in the first trimester, but it’s crucial to stay vigilant and communicate with your healthcare provider. Regular antenatal checkups and prompt reporting of symptoms ensure early intervention if needed. By combining medical advice with self-care practices such as proper nutrition, relaxation techniques, and prenatal yoga, you can support your well-being and navigate your pregnancy with confidence.

Sources

NHS: Bleeding During Pregnancy

Mayo Clinic: Vaginal Bleeding During Pregnancy

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists: Bleeding During Pregnancy

Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists: Bleeding in Early Pregnancy

Tommy’s: Bleeding in Pregnancy